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Parthian (n.)[Parthian 词源字典]: 1520s, native or inhabitant of Parthia (ancient kingdom northeast of Persia in western Asia), from Old Persian Parthava- "Parthian," dialectal variant of the stem Parsa-, source of Persia.

As an adjective, 1580s. Phrase Parthian shot is in reference to their horsemen, who were expert at racing forward, turning, and shooting arrows backward at the moment of retreat. The exact phrase is attested by 1832; the image itself was in use long before (for example Parthian fight, 1630s).
Or, like the Parthian, I shall flying fight ["Cymbeline," Act I, Scene VII]
[Parthian etymology, Parthian origin, 英语词源]
parti-: "in two ways," word-forming element extracted late 16c. from parti-colored.
parti-colored (adj.): 1530s, from party "divided," from French parti, past participle of partir "to divide" (see part (v.)). The noun parti itself occurs in the sense "parti-colored" from late 14c.
partial (adj.): early 15c., "one-sided, biased," from Old French parcial (14c., Modern French partial), from Medieval Latin partialis "divisible, solitary, partial," from Latin pars (genitive partis) "part" (see part (n.)). Sense of "not whole, incomplete" is attested from late 14c. Related: Partially (mid-15c. as "incompletely").
partiality (n.): "one-sidedness," early 15c., from Middle French parcialité, from Medieval Latin partialitatem (nominative partialitas), from partialis (see partial).
partialness (n.): "incompleteness," 1701, from partial + -ness.
participant (adj.): 1540s, from Latin participantem (nominative participans), present participle of participare "to share in, partake of," from particeps "sharing, partaking" (see participation).
participant (n.): 1560s, from Middle French participant, from Latin participantem (nominative participans), present participle of participare "to share in, partake of" from particeps "sharing, partaking" (see participation).
participate (v.): 1530s, back-formation from participation, or else from Latin participatus, past participle of participare "to share, share in, participate in; to impart," from particeps "partaking, sharing," from parti, past participle of partir "to divide" (see part (n.)) + -cip-, weak form of stem of capere "to take" (see capable). Related: Participated; participating.
participation (n.): late 14c., from Old French participacion (13c.) and directly from Late Latin participationem (nominative participatio) "partaking," noun of action from past participle stem of Latin participare "participate in, share in, partake of; to make partaker, to share, impart," from particeps (genitive participis) "partaker, comrade, fellow soldier," also, as an adjective, "sharing, partaking," from pars (genitive partis) "part" (see part (n.)) + -cip-, weak form of stem of capere "to take" (see capable).
participative (adj.): 1650s, from participate + -ive.
participatory (adj.): 1833, from participate + -ory. Participatory democracy attested from 1965, a term from student protests.
participial (adj.): 1590s, from Middle French participial and directly from Latin participialis, from participium (see participle). As a noun from 1560s.
participle (n.): late 14c., "a noun-adjective," from Old French participle (13c.), variant of participe, from Latin participium, literally "a sharing, partaking," from particeps "sharing, partaking" (see participation). In grammatical sense, the Latin translates Greek metokhe "sharer, partaker," and the notion is of a word "partaking" of the nature of both a noun and an adjective.
particle (n.): late 14c., "small part or division of a whole, minute portion of matter," from Latin particula "little bit or part, grain, jot," diminutive of pars (genitive partis) "part;" see part (n.). Particle physics attested from 1969. In construction, particle board (1957) is so called because it is made from chips and shavings of wood.
particular (adj.): late 14c., "pertaining to a single thing or person," from Old French particuler (14c., Modern French particulier) and directly from Late Latin particularis "of a part, concerning a small part," from Latin particula "particle" (see particle). Sense of "precise, exacting" first recorded 1814.
particular (n.): "a part or section of a whole," late 14c., from particular (adj.). Particulars "small details of statement" is from c. 1600.
particularity (n.): 1520s, from Middle French particularité, from Late Latin particularitatem (nominative particularitas), from Latin particularis (see particular).
particularize (v.): 1580s, from particular + -ize. Related: Particularized; particularizing.
particularly (adv.): "in a special degree, more than others," 1670s, from particular (adj.) + -ly (2).